Danh sách 118 nguyên tố hoá học đã biết

Bảng phân loại sau đây cho biết 118 nguyên tố hoá học đã biết.

• Số, tên và biểu tượng nguyên tử đều phục vụ độc lập dưới dạng các số nhận dạng duy nhất.
• Tên được chấp nhận bởi IUPAC; tên tạm thời cho các yếu tố sản xuất gần đây chưa chính thức được đặt tên trong dấu ngoặc đơn.
• Nhóm, khoảng thời gian, và khối liên quan đến vị trí của một phần tử trong bảng tuần hoàn. Số nhóm ở đây hiển thị số được chấp nhận hiện tại; đối với số cũ thay thế, hãy xem
• Nhóm (bảng tuần hoàn).
• Trạng thái vật chất (rắn, lỏng, hoặc khí) áp dụng ở điều kiện nhiệt độ và áp suất tiêu chuẩn (STP).
• Xảy ra, các chỉ định bởi một chú thích bên cạnh tên của phần tử, phân biệt một cách tự nhiên xảy ra các yếu tố, phân loại các yếu tố tổng hợp nguyên thủy một trong hai hoặc thoáng qua (từ phân rã), và thêm que đã được sản xuất công nghệ, nhưng không biết là xảy ra một cách tự nhiên.
• Actinide, kim loại kiềm, kim loại kiềm thổ, lanthanit, kim loại sau khi chuyển đổi, kim loại, khí quyển, kim loại phi đa hình hoặc phi kim loại tảo, và kim loại chuyển tiếp.

List of chemical elements
Z[I]	Symbol	Element	Origin of name[38][39]	Group	Period	Atomic weight[40][41](u (±))	Density(g/cm3)	Melt(K) [42]	Boil (K)	C[I](J/g · K)	χ[I]	Abundance in Earth’s crust[II](mg/kg)
1	H	Hydrogen	composed of the Greek elements hydro- and -gen meaning ‘water-forming’	1	1	1.008[III][IV][V][VI]	0.00008988	14.01	20.28	14.304	2.20	1400
2	He	Helium	the Greek helios, ‘sun’	18	1	4.002602(2)[III][V]	0.0001785	—[VII]	4.22	5.193	–	0.008
3	Li	Lithium	the Greek lithos, ‘stone’	1	2	6.94[III][IV][V][VIII][VI]	0.534	453.69	1560	3.582	0.98	20
4	Be	Beryllium	beryl, a mineral	2	2	9.0121831(5)	1.85	1560	2742	1.825	1.57	2.8
5	B	Boron	borax, a mineral	13	2	10.81[III][IV][V][VI]	2.34	2349	4200	1.026	2.04	10
6	C	Carbon	the Latin carbo, ‘coal’	14	2	12.011[III][V][VI]	2.267	3800	4300	0.709	2.55	200
7	N	Nitrogen	the Greek nitron and ‘-gen’ meaning ‘niter-forming’	15	2	14.007[III][V][VI]	0.0012506	63.15	77.36	1.04	3.04	19
8	O	Oxygen	from the Greek oxy-, both ‘sharp’ and ‘acid’, and -gen, meaning ‘acid-forming’	16	2	15.999[III][V][VI]	0.001429	54.36	90.20	0.918	3.44	461000
9	F	Fluorine	the Latin fluere, ‘to flow’	17	2	18.998403163(6)	0.001696	53.53	85.03	0.824	3.98	585
10	Ne	Neon	the Greek neos, meaning ‘new’	18	2	20.1797(6)[III][IV]	0.0008999	24.56	27.07	1.03	–	0.005
11	Na	Sodium	the English word soda (natrium in Latin)	1	3	22.98976928(2)	0.971	370.87	1156	1.228	0.93	23600
12	Mg	Magnesium	Magnesia, a district of Eastern Thessaly in Greece	2	3	24.305[VI]	1.738	923	1363	1.023	1.31	23300
13	Al	Aluminium	from alumina, a compound (originally aluminum)	13	3	26.9815385(7)	2.698	933.47	2792	0.897	1.61	82300
14	Si	Silicon	from the Latin silex, ‘flint’ (originally silicium)	14	3	28.085[V][VI]	2.3296	1687	3538	0.705	1.9	282000
15	P	Phosphorus	the Greek phoosphoros, ‘carrying light’	15	3	30.973761998(5)	1.82	317.30	550	0.769	2.19	1050
16	S	Sulfur	the Latin sulphur, ‘fire and brimstone’	16	3	32.06[III][V][VI]	2.067	388.36	717.87	0.71	2.58	350
17	Cl	Chlorine	the Greek chloros, ‘greenish yellow’	17	3	35.45[III][IV][V][VI]	0.003214	171.6	239.11	0.479	3.16	145
18	Ar	Argon	the Greek argos, ‘idle’	18	3	39.948(1)[III][V]	0.0017837	83.80	87.30	0.52	–	3.5
19	K	Potassium	New Latin potassa, ‘potash’ (kalium in Latin)	1	4	39.0983(1)	0.862	336.53	1032	0.757	0.82	20900
20	Ca	Calcium	the Latin calx, ‘lime’	2	4	40.078(4)[III]	1.54	1115	1757	0.647	1	41500
21	Sc	Scandium	Scandia, the Latin name for Scandinavia	3	4	44.955908(5)	2.989	1814	3109	0.568	1.36	22
22	Ti	Titanium	Titans, the sons of the Earth goddess of Greek mythology	4	4	47.867(1)	4.54	1941	3560	0.523	1.54	5650
23	V	Vanadium	Vanadis, an Old Norse name for the Scandinavian goddess Freyja	5	4	50.9415(1)	6.11	2183	3680	0.489	1.63	120
24	Cr	Chromium	the Greek chroma, ‘color’	6	4	51.9961(6)	7.15	2180	2944	0.449	1.66	102
25	Mn	Manganese	corrupted from magnesia negra, see Magnesium	7	4	54.938044(3)	7.44	1519	2334	0.479	1.55	950
26	Fe	Iron	English word (ferrum in Latin)	8	4	55.845(2)	7.874	1811	3134	0.449	1.83	56300
27	Co	Cobalt	the German word Kobold, ‘goblin’	9	4	58.933194(4)	8.86	1768	3200	0.421	1.88	25
28	Ni	Nickel	from Swedish kopparnickel, containing the German word Nickel, ‘goblin’	10	4	58.6934(4)	8.912	1728	3186	0.444	1.91	84
29	Cu	Copper	English word (Latin cuprum)	11	4	63.546(3)[V]	8.96	1357.77	2835	0.385	1.9	60
30	Zn	Zinc	the German Zink	12	4	65.38(2)	7.134	692.88	1180	0.388	1.65	70
31	Ga	Gallium	Gallia, the Latin name for France	13	4	69.723(1)	5.907	302.9146	2673	0.371	1.81	19
32	Ge	Germanium	Germania, the Latin name for Germany	14	4	72.630(8)	5.323	1211.40	3106	0.32	2.01	1.5
33	As	Arsenic	English word (Latin arsenicum)	15	4	74.921595(6)	5.776	1090 [IX]	887	0.329	2.18	1.8
34	Se	Selenium	the Greek selene, ‘moon’	16	4	78.971(8)[V]	4.809	453	958	0.321	2.55	0.05
35	Br	Bromine	the Greek bromos, ‘stench’	17	4	79.904[VI]	3.122	265.8	332.0	0.474	2.96	2.4
36	Kr	Krypton	the Greek kryptos, ‘hidden’	18	4	83.798(2)[III][IV]	0.003733	115.79	119.93	0.248	3	1×10−4
37	Rb	Rubidium	the Latin rubidus, ‘deep red’	1	5	85.4678(3)[III]	1.532	312.46	961	0.363	0.82	90
38	Sr	Strontium	Strontian, a small town in Scotland	2	5	87.62(1)[III][V]	2.64	1050	1655	0.301	0.95	370
39	Y	Yttrium	Ytterby, Sweden	3	5	88.90584(2)	4.469	1799	3609	0.298	1.22	33
40	Zr	Zirconium	Persian Zargun, ‘gold-colored’; German Zirkoon, ‘jargoon‘	4	5	91.224(2)[III]	6.506	2128	4682	0.278	1.33	165
41	Nb	Niobium	Niobe, daughter of king Tantalus from Greek mythology	5	5	92.90637(2)	8.57	2750	5017	0.265	1.6	20
42	Mo	Molybdenum	the Greek molybdos meaning ‘lead’	6	5	95.95(1)[III]	10.22	2896	4912	0.251	2.16	1.2
43	Tc	Technetium	the Greek tekhnètos meaning ‘artificial’	7	5	[98][X]	11.5	2430	4538	–	1.9	~ 3×10−9[XI]
44	Ru	Ruthenium	Ruthenia, the New Latin name for Russia	8	5	101.07(2)[III]	12.37	2607	4423	0.238	2.2	0.001
45	Rh	Rhodium	the Greek rhodos, meaning ‘rose coloured’	9	5	102.90550(2)	12.41	2237	3968	0.243	2.28	0.001
46	Pd	Palladium	the then recently discovered asteroid Pallas, considered a planet at the time	10	5	106.42(1)[III]	12.02	1828.05	3236	0.244	2.2	0.015
47	Ag	Silver	English word (argentum in Latin)	11	5	107.8682(2)[III]	10.501	1234.93	2435	0.235	1.93	0.075
48	Cd	Cadmium	the New Latin cadmia, from King Kadmos	12	5	112.414(4)[III]	8.69	594.22	1040	0.232	1.69	0.159
49	In	Indium	indigo	13	5	114.818(1)	7.31	429.75	2345	0.233	1.78	0.25
50	Sn	Tin	English word (stannum in Latin)	14	5	118.710(7)[III]	7.287	505.08	2875	0.228	1.96	2.3
51	Sb	Antimony	uncertain: perhaps from the Greek anti, ‘against’, and monos, ‘alone’, or the Old French antimoine, ‘Monk’s bane’ (stibium in Latin)	15	5	121.760(1)[III]	6.685	903.78	1860	0.207	2.05	0.2
52	Te	Tellurium	Latin tellus, ‘earth’	16	5	127.60(3)[III]	6.232	722.66	1261	0.202	2.1	0.001
53	I	Iodine	French iode (after the Greek ioeides, ‘violet’)	17	5	126.90447(3)	4.93	386.85	457.4	0.214	2.66	0.45
54	Xe	Xenon	the Greek xenos, ‘strange’	18	5	131.293(6)[III][IV]	0.005887	161.4	165.03	0.158	2.6	3×10−5
55	Cs	Caesium	the Latin caesius, ‘sky blue’	1	6	132.90545196(6)	1.873	301.59	944	0.242	0.79	3
56	Ba	Barium	the Greek barys, ‘heavy’	2	6	137.327(7)	3.594	1000	2170	0.204	0.89	425
57	La	Lanthanum	the Greek lanthanein, ‘to lie hidden’	3	6	138.90547(7)[III]	6.145	1193	3737	0.195	1.1	39
58	Ce	Cerium	the then recently discovered asteroid Ceres, considered a planet at the time		6	140.116(1)[III]	6.77	1068	3716	0.192	1.12	66.5
59	Pr	Praseodymium	the Greek praseios didymos meaning ‘green twin’		6	140.90766(2)	6.773	1208	3793	0.193	1.13	9.2
60	Nd	Neodymium	the Greek neos didymos meaning ‘new twin’		6	144.242(3)[III]	7.007	1297	3347	0.19	1.14	41.5
61	Pm	Promethium	Prometheus of Greek mythology who stole fire from the Gods and gave it to humans		6	[145][X]	7.26	1315	3273	–	1.13	2×10−19[XI]
62	Sm	Samarium	Samarskite, the name of the mineral from which it was first isolated		6	150.36(2)[III]	7.52	1345	2067	0.197	1.17	7.05
63	Eu	Europium	Europe		6	151.964(1)[III]	5.243	1099	1802	0.182	1.2	2
64	Gd	Gadolinium	Johan Gadolin, chemist, physicist and mineralogist		6	157.25(3)[III]	7.895	1585	3546	0.236	1.2	6.2
65	Tb	Terbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	158.92535(2)	8.229	1629	3503	0.182	1.2	1.2
66	Dy	Dysprosium	the Greek dysprositos, ‘hard to get’		6	162.500(1)[III]	8.55	1680	2840	0.17	1.22	5.2
67	Ho	Holmium	Holmia, the New Latin name for Stockholm		6	164.93033(2)	8.795	1734	2993	0.165	1.23	1.3
68	Er	Erbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	167.259(3)[III]	9.066	1802	3141	0.168	1.24	3.5
69	Tm	Thulium	Thule, the ancient name for Scandinavia		6	168.93422(2)	9.321	1818	2223	0.16	1.25	0.52
70	Yb	Ytterbium	Ytterby, Sweden		6	173.045(10)[III]	6.965	1097	1469	0.155	1.1	3.2
71	Lu	Lutetium	Lutetia, the Latin name for Paris		6	174.9668(1)[III]	9.84	1925	3675	0.154	1.27	0.8
72	Hf	Hafnium	Hafnia, the New Latin name for Copenhagen	4	6	178.49(2)	13.31	2506	4876	0.144	1.3	3
73	Ta	Tantalum	King Tantalus, father of Niobe from Greek mythology	5	6	180.94788(2)	16.654	3290	5731	0.14	1.5	2
74	W	Tungsten	the Swedish tung sten, ‘heavy stone’ (W is wolfram, the old name of the tungsten mineral wolframite)	6	6	183.84(1)	19.25	3695	5828	0.132	2.36	1.3
75	Re	Rhenium	Rhenus, the Latin name for the river Rhine	7	6	186.207(1)	21.02	3459	5869	0.137	1.9	7×10−4
76	Os	Osmium	the Greek osmè, meaning ‘smell’	8	6	190.23(3)[III]	22.61	3306	5285	0.13	2.2	0.002
77	Ir	Iridium	Iris, the Greek goddess of the rainbow	9	6	192.217(3)	22.56	2719	4701	0.131	2.2	0.001
78	Pt	Platinum	the Spanish platina, meaning ‘little silver’	10	6	195.084(9)	21.46	2041.4	4098	0.133	2.28	0.005
79	Au	Gold	English word (aurum in Latin)	11	6	196.966569(5)	19.282	1337.33	3129	0.129	2.54	0.004
80	Hg	Mercury	the New Latin name mercurius, named after the Roman god (Hg from former name hydrargyrum, from Greek hydr-, ‘water’, and argyros, ‘silver’)	12	6	200.592(3)	13.5336	234.43	629.88	0.14	2	0.085
81	Tl	Thallium	the Greek thallos, ‘green twig’	13	6	204.38[VI]	11.85	577	1746	0.129	1.62	0.85
82	Pb	Lead	English word (plumbum in Latin)	14	6	207.2(1)[III][V]	11.342	600.61	2022	0.129	1.87	14
83	Bi	Bismuth	Uncertain, possibly Arabic or German	15	6	208.98040(1)[X]	9.807	544.7	1837	0.122	2.02	0.009
84	Po	Polonium	Named after the home country of Marie Curie (Polonia, Latin for Poland), who is also the discoverer of Radium	16	6	[209][X]	9.32	527	1235	–	2.0	2×10−10[XI]
85	At	Astatine	the Greek astatos, ‘unstable’	17	6	[210][X]	7	575	610	–	2.2	3×10−20[XI]
86	Rn	Radon	From radium, as it was first detected as an emission from radium during radioactive decay	18	6	[222][X]	0.00973	202	211.3	0.094	2.2	4×10−13[XI]
87	Fr	Francium	Francia, the New Latin name for France	1	7	[223][X]	1.87	300	950	–	0.7	~ 1×10−18[XI]
88	Ra	Radium	the Latin radius, ‘ray’	2	7	[226][X]	5.5	973	2010	0.094	0.9	9×10−7[XI]
89	Ac	Actinium	the Greek aktis, ‘ray’	3	7	[227][X]	10.07	1323	3471	0.12	1.1	5.5×10−10[XI]
90	Th	Thorium	Thor, the Scandinavian god of thunder		7	232.0377(4)[X][III]	11.72	2115	5061	0.113	1.3	9.6
91	Pa	Protactinium	the Greek protos, ‘first’, and actinium, which is produced through the radioactive decay of protactinium		7	231.03588(2)[X]	15.37	1841	4300	–	1.5	1.4×10−6[XI]
92	U	Uranium	Uranus, the seventh planet in the Solar System		7	238.02891(3)[X]	18.95	1405.3	4404	0.116	1.38	2.7
93	Np	Neptunium	Neptune, the eighth planet in the Solar System		7	[237][X]	20.45	917	4273	–	1.36	≤ 3×10−12[XI]
94	Pu	Plutonium	Pluto, a dwarf planet in the Solar System (then considered the ninth planet)		7	[244][X]	19.84	912.5	3501	–	1.28	≤ 3×10−11[XI]
95	Am	Americium	The Americas, as the element was first synthesized on the continent, by analogy with europium		7	[243][X]	13.69	1449	2880	–	1.13	0[XII]
96	Cm	Curium	Pierre Curie, a physicist, and Marie Curie, a physicist and chemist, named after great scientists by analogy with gadolinium		7	[247][X]	13.51	1613	3383	–	1.28	0[XII]
97	Bk	Berkelium	Berkeley, California, where the element was first synthesized, by analogy with terbium		7	[247][X]	14.79	1259	2900	–	1.3	0[XII]
98	Cf	Californium	California, where the element was first synthesized		7	[251][X]	15.1	1173	(1743)[XIII]	–	1.3	0[XII]
99	Es	Einsteinium	Albert Einstein, physicist		7	[252][X]	8.84	1133	(1269)[XIII]	–	1.3	0[XII]
100	Fm	Fermium	Enrico Fermi, physicist		7	[257][X]	(9.7)[XIII]	(1125)[XIII]	–	–	1.3	0[XII]
101	Md	Mendelevium	Dmitri Mendeleev, chemist and inventor		7	[258][X]	(10.3)[XIII]	(1100)[XIII]	–	–	1.3	0[XII]
102	No	Nobelium	Alfred Nobel, chemist, engineer, innovator, and armaments manufacturer		7	[259][X]	(9.9)[XIII]	(1100)[XIII]	–	–	1.3	0[XII]
103	Lr	Lawrencium	Ernest O. Lawrence, physicist		7	[266][X]	(15.6)[XIII]	(1900)[XIII]	–	–	1.3	0[XII]
104	Rf	Rutherfordium	Ernest Rutherford, chemist and physicist	4	7	[267][X]	(23.2)[XIII]	(2400)[XIII]	(5800)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]
105	Db	Dubnium	Dubna, Russia	5	7	[268][X]	(29.3)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
106	Sg	Seaborgium	Glenn T. Seaborg, scientist	6	7	[269][X]	(35.0)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
107	Bh	Bohrium	Niels Bohr, physicist	7	7	[270][X]	(37.1)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
108	Hs	Hassium	Hesse, Germany, where the element was first synthesized	8	7	[277][X]	(40.7)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
109	Mt	Meitnerium	Lise Meitner, physicist	9	7	[278][X]	(37.4)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
110	Ds	Darmstadtium	Darmstadt, Germany, where the element was first synthesized	10	7	[281][X]	(34.8)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
111	Rg	Roentgenium	Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, physicist	11	7	[282][X]	(28.7)[XIII]	–	–	–	–	0[XII]
112	Cn	Copernicium	Nicolaus Copernicus, astronomer	12	7	[285][X]	(23.7)[XIII]	–	~357[XIV]	–	–	0[XII]
113	Nh	Nihonium	the Japanese name for Japan, Nihon, where the element was first synthesized	13	7	[286][X]	(16)[XIII]	(700)[XIII]	(1400)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]
114	Fl	Flerovium	Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, part of JINR where the element was synthesized; itself named for Georgy Flyorov, physicist	14	7	[289][X]	(14)[XIII]	–	~210	–	–	0[XII]
115	Mc	Moscovium	Moscow Oblast, Russia, where the element was first synthesized	15	7	[290][X]	(13.5)[XIII]	(700)[XIII]	(1400)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]
116	Lv	Livermorium	Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (in Livermore, California) which collaborated with JINR on its synthesis	16	7	[293][X]	(12.9)[XIII]	(709)[XIII]	(1085)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]
117	Ts	Tennessine	Tennessee, United States	17	7	[294][X]	(7.2)[XIII]	(723)[XIII]	(883)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]
118	Og	Oganesson	Yuri Oganessian, physicist	18	7	[294][X]	(5.0)[XIII][XV]	–	(350)[XIII]	–	–	0[XII]